SR-NIEL Framework: Physics Handbook

Handbook of SR-NIEL and nuclear stopping power (and TNID doses) calculators for elements and compounds (for instance, semiconductors); sr-framework for electronic stopping powers, restricted energy-losses and TID doses; solar modulation models (including HelMod) for cosmic rays and their impact on SEEs, i.e., single event effects

Welcome to the relativistic screening (SR) treatment handbook Website. In these pages you can find information about physics process regarding the Screened Relativistic (SR) Calculator of the Non-Ionizing Energy Loss of electrons, protons and ions passing through an absorber, generating displacement damages and, in case of semiconductors, introducing deep levels resulting from the Frenkel pairs created. NIEL doses (also termed "displacement damage doses") are also provided.

The notation of screened relativistic (SR) NIEL was introduced by Baur et al. (2014). It is treated in Sects. 11.3.1, 11.3.2 of Leroy and Rancoita (2016) and Sect. 2 of Baur et al. (2014). The SR-NIEL is derived from the SR (screened relativistic) nuclear stopping power for electrons (e.g., see Sect. 2.4.3 of Leroy and Rancoita (2016)) and the SR nuclear stopping power for massive particle at relativistic energies (e.g., see Sect.2.2.2 of Leroy and Rancoita (2016)).

Furthermore in the SR-NIEL website, based on the physics framework here illustrated, an online calculator for the nuclear stopping powers of electrons, protons, light- and heavy-ions is available. The calculations are carried out based on the screened relativistic treatment for (elastic) Coulomb interactions on nuclei from low up to ultra relativistic energies.

In the SR-NIEL website, there are calculators available also for i) the probability of generating energetic recoil nuclei, ii) for the estimates of recoil energy fractions deposited via ionizing and non-ionizing process - using two of the mostly employed analytical approximations of energy partition function - and iii) the electronic stopping power and ionizing dose.

The user can additionally access to calculators which allow one to obtains NIEL values and NIEL doses for neutrons in Si and GaAs absorbers, derived from ASTM-722-09, ASTM-722-14 and ASTM-722-19 standards.

Registered users can access to SR-NIEL web calculators i) in which it is implemented the Akkerman and Barak (2006) partition function and ii) to get NIEL doses for neutrons and neutron spectral fluence in some elements (C, N, Si, Ga, As, from version 3.5.1 0, Al, P, In, Cd, Te, Ge, Zn, Se, Sb, from version 3.9 Cu, Hg, Pb, S, Sn, from version 3.9.2 B, Bi, Cl, Tl, from version 4.5.0 Li, Ti, Mn, Br, Sr, Nb, Mo, Ag, I, Ba, La, Eu, U and from version 4.6.0 also H, He, Be, F, Na, Mg, Ar, K, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni) and their compounds, using Robinson and Akkerman partition functions. Additional nuclei available after version 4.6.0 are listed at this page. From version 8.5, NIEL dose calculation for neutron using Robinson and Akkerman partition functions are available obtained with NJOY-2021. A critical discussion on the usage of 1 MeV neutron equivalent is also available.
At present, in the SR-NIEL website, calculators for ionizing energy losses (and doses) of electrons, protons and ions are also available. Furthermore, the high energy extension of electronic stopping power (referred to as SR-framework electronic stopping power) treatment for elements and compounds is accessible. From version 6.3.0, the web-calculators on electronic stopping powers – regarding the energy lost by particles traversing a medium – are complemented by those on restricted energy-losses to deal with both the energy deposited by incoming particles in absorbers and the approach to Fermi plateau at high energies (see section on Electronic stopping power and restricted energy loss). Topics on space radiation environment and related models on solar modulation (HelMod regarding cosmic rays transport in the heliosphere) and particle transport in Earth magnetosphere (GeoMagSphere) are currently available in section Space Radiation Environment and Models: SR-NIEL and ASIF, HelMod, GeoMagSphere related activities. The solar modulation impact on TID doses and SEEs are discussed in the section on Effects of solar modulation on particle flux per unit area as a function of particle energy or electronic stopping power/restricted energy loss per unit length, i.e., on TID and SEE.

From version 6.4.2, the topics covered in the present physics handbook are enlarged by referring to those treated in related activities discussed within ASIF (ASI Supported Irradiation Facilities), HelMod and GeoMagSphere websites.

This project is part of the activities  involving also sr-niel / HelMod /geomagsphere / ASIF /AMS-02 Milano Bicocca group.

The implementation of SR-NIEL treatment and derived SR-NIEL calculators into ESA (European Space Agency) codes (e.g., SPENVIS, GRAS and Mulassis) is accomplished under ESA contract 4000116146/16/NL/HK with title "Non-Ionizing Energy Loss (NIEL) Calculation and Verification".

For any comment, remark and suggestion, please contact us by email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Available SR-NIEL Physics treatments and related topics:

• Screened relativistic (SR) treatment

  • Protons and ions scattering on screened Coulomb
  • Rutherford differential cross section at relativistic energies
  • Electron cross section
  • Hadronic NIEL contribution for protons and alpha particles (registered users)
  • Displacement damage and gain degradation of BJT
  • Screened relativistic treatment results

• SR-NIEL and displacement stopping power

  • Summary of NIEL and displacement stopping power
  • NIEL from screened Coulomb scattering of protons and ions
  • NIEL from electrons scattering on screened nuclei
  • NIEL for Electrons and Protons in Silicon employing Robinson and Akkerman partition functions (registered users)

• Energy Partition Functions

  • Summary of Energy partition functions
  • Comparison of the partition function of Akkerman and Robinson with experimental data

• Nuclear stopping power for electrons, protons, ions

  • Summary on nuclear stopping power for electrons, protons, ions
  • Nuclear stopping power for protons and ions
  • Electron nuclear stopping power

• Nuclear Recoil

  • Energetic nuclear recoil

• SR-NIEL and Solar Cells

  • NIEL doses in GaAs solar cells

• GaAs SR-NIEL tables

  • GaAs NIEL tables for electrons and protons

• SR-NIEL framework and displacement stopping power (NIEL) for Neutrons

  • Summary of neutron damage function, NIEL and hardness parameter
  • Neutron spectral fluence
  • Hardness parameter and 1MeV neutron equivalent
  • NIEL and minority carrier lifetime
  • Damage functions and Doses from NJOY-2021 and NJOY-2016 when ENDF/B.VIII.0 cross section library is employed
  • Results for NIEL in silicon absorber from NJOY 2021 and ASTM-E722 versions
  • NIEL doses in Si and GaAs for neutrons using Robinson and Akkerman partition functions
  • Comparison of Damage Functions obtained with Akkerman and Robinson Partition Functions (registered users)
  • Determination of the Damage Function at 1 MeV (registered users)
  • Neutron Damage Function in Bi and Si (registered users)

• Nuclei for neutron damage functions

  • Nuclei available for NJOY neutron damage function computation for elements and compounds

• SR-NIEL embedded in GRAS, Geant4, Mulassis, Spenvis

  • SR-NIEL for GRAS, Geant4, Mulassis, Spenvis

• Electronic stopping power and restricted energy loss

  • Electronic Stopping Power and Linear Energy Transfer
  • Massive Particles with z=1 in Silicon: Electronic Stopping Power, Deposited Energy and Experimental Evidence of approaching the Fermi Plateau
  • Restricted energy-loss treatment within SR-framework of electronic stopping power for dealing with particle energy deposition in a medium

• Effects of solar modulation on particle flux per unit area as a function of particle energy or electronic stopping power/restricted energy loss per unit length, i.e., on TID and SEE

  • LET distributions for Fe-ions from SPENVIS, CREME and SR-NIEL/HelMod frameworks: dependence of the estimated number of SEE on solar modulation model
  • Case studies on TID and SEEs when restricted energy-loss is employed with respect to the usage of electronic stopping power
  • Case study on SEEs employing the restricted energy-loss and dependence on solar modulation model
  • Impact of solar modulation on particle flux per unit area as a function of particle energy or electronic stopping power or restricted energy loss

• Kinetic Energy Thresholds for traversing an aluminum absorber

  • Kinetic Energy Thresholds for Traversing 50 mils of Al absorbers

• Physical constants and list of compounds

  • Physical constants and atomic weights in SR-NIEL treatment
    
  • List of Compounds dealt in SR-NIEL Website

• Space Radiation Environment and Models: SR-NIEL and ASIF, HelMod, GeoMagSphere related activities

  HelMod: the solar modulation model of galactic cosmic rays employed within SR-NIEL framework
  • HelMod, the solar modulation model of galactic cosmic rays employed within SR-NIEL framework: comparison with AMS-02 data and other commonly employed modulation models
  
  HelMod : the solar modulation model for galactic cosmic rays transport
  • Propagation of Galactic Cosmic Rays through the heliosphere with HelMod: the treatment of solar modulation
    
  • Cosmic rays propagation in heliosphere and HelMod model
  • Local interstellar spectra from Galprop-HelMod join effort
  
  HelMod Model: forecasting of cosmic rays fluxes through heliosphere and heliospheric boundaries
  • HelMod heliosphere
  • Heliospheric boundaries in HelMod: time dependent termination shock and heliopause
  • HelMod Forecasting
  
  Magnetosphere transport models
  • Comparison between GeoMagSphere model (GM) and Magnetocosmics-Magnetospheric Shielding Model (MSM) during disturbed periods due to magnetic storms

• ASIF and irradiation facilites

  • Asi Supported Irradiation Facilities (ASIF)
  • ASIF irradiation facilities and laboratories
  • Methodologies and characterization of ASIF facilities
  • NIEL doses and triple solar junctions: recent results with electrons, protons and neutrons

• Bibliographies

  • Displacement damage, SR-NIEL treatment and methdologies, electronic and nuclear stopping powers
  • Cited publications within calculators webpages

A comprehenseve treatment of the screened relativistic physical processes is found in:  C. Leroy and P.G. Rancoita (2016), Principles of Radiation Interaction in Matter and Detection - 4th Edition -, World Scientific. Singapore, ISBN-978-981-4603-18-8 (printed); ISBN.978-981-4603-19-5 (ebook); http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9167; it is also partially accessible via google books.